Epidemiological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea in snoring and diseases of the cardiovascular system

• Ekaterina V. Plemyannikova
• Andrey G. Obrezan

Abstract

To study the prevalence of snoring, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and their relationship with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) according to literature data and own research.

Material and methods. Sources of domestic and foreign literature were used, including search engines PubMed, Google, Scopus, Medscape. The scientific data of 41 papers, 33 foreign and 8 domestic authors were evaluated. The literature was searched for the following keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, snoring, risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Our own results were obtained based on a survey of 125 patients aged 19 to 89 years, men and women who sought outpatient medical care for snoring and/or apnea. A survey of patients was conducted, gender, age were assessed, body mass index was determined; the presence of arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiac arrhythmias, smoking, alcohol abuse in the anamnesis. The subjects were diagnosed with sleep by cardiorespiratory or respiratory monitoring.

The results of our own research have shown a higher incidence of CCA in snoring in general compared with the data of most other studies. The moderate-severe degree of CCA in the study group was 49%. Daytime sleepiness was observed in 83.2% of cases. The main CVD disorders, such as smoking, burdened heredity, LV, dyslipidemia, as well as hypertension, diabetes, are comorbid with OAS and their occurrence in apnea is higher than in the general population.

Conclusion. Apnea is one of the new modifiable FR CVD. The detection of CCA is influenced by the methodology of data collection and ongoing sleep diagnostics. Given the high incidence of snoring and apnea, while the rare detection of CCA, it is advisable for all snorers to diagnose sleep. Timely detection and treatment of CCA can improve the quality of life, as well as the metabolic and cardiovascular status of patients.

Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea; snoring; risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

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