Vasculotoxicity of anthracycline antibiotics: the current state of the problem

• Ramzullo R. Karimov
• Olga V. Bochkarnikova
• Natalia V. Khabarova
• Yuri N. Belenkov
• Irina S. Ilgisonis

Abstract

Malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases occupy a leading position in global morbidity and mortality statistics. Modern advances in pharmacotherapy have changed the prognosis for cancer patients, significantly increasing their life expectancy. However, the use of chemotherapy drugs can cause damage to other organs, including the cardiovascular system. Anthracycline antibiotics are one of the well-studied cardiotoxic drugs. There are many fundamental studies in the literature on the mechanisms of participation of this group of drugs in the initiation and progression of heart muscle damage. At the same time, the effect of these drugs on the development of vascular toxicity has not been sufficiently studied. The vasculotoxicity of anthracycline antibiotics is presumably realized through endothelial dysfunction. To date, research is underway to study the mechanism of action on blood vessels, search for highly specific and highly sensitive laboratory and instrumental markers, and develop strategies for the prevention and treatment of vasculotoxicity that occurs during therapy with anthracycline antibiotics.

Keywords: vascular toxicity; anthracycline antibiotics; cardiovascular toxicity risk; endothelial dysfunction; vascular remodeling; polychemotherapy

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