Heterogeneity of atherosclerosis

• Andrey G. Obrezan
• Anna V. Danilova

Abstract

Cardiovascular events associated with atherosclerosis can develop by achieving treatment goals following current clinical guidelines and failure to achieve the set goals, including risk factors such as dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, systemic inflammation, and unhealthy lifestyle.

The aim of this literature review is to consider biomarkers that influence the progression of atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular diseases.

According to modern concepts, atherosclerosis is a chronic disease involving lipid and immune metabolism disorders, innate, acquired immunity, accompanied by inflammation. It is known that the leading role in the emergence and development of atherosclerosis and its complications, causing lipoproteins. The review considers the literature data indicating that atherosclerosis is a complex, multifaceted biochemical process associated with well-known low-density lipoproteins. Following the updated recommendations for more intensive lipid-lowering therapy, increasing attention is paid to assessing the residual risk associated with atherosclerosis. Cholesterol, hyperglycemic, inflammatory, infectious theories of the development of atherosclerosis are considered. Studying the heterogeneity of atherosclerosis can help gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the onset and development of atherosclerosis, which may help develop new targeted therapies.

Keywords:residual risk, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, infectious theory, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis

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