Common pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory processes of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region from the standpoint of the relationship of systemic proinflammatory biomarkers

• Irina A. Lebedeva
• Guram N. Magradze
• Sergey A. Partsernyak
• Vitaly S. Ustyuzhaninov
• Aleksandr S. Partsernyak
• Bella G. Ayvazyan
• Maksim A. Aflitonov

Abstract

The severity of inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region can be associated not only with local inflammation, but also with systemic processes in the body, which can aggravate the course of cardiovascular diseases. Against the background of periodontal diseases, inflammatory and immune reactions are triggered with the release of a number of inflammatory mediators and cytokines. It is known that such effects are not limited only to periodontal disease, but accompany the course of such diseases as atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and obesity. Probably, the inflammatory processes of the oral cavity can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases due to common pathogenesis factors. It is necessary to analyze the general markers of inflammation and determine their borderline level to predict cardiovascular risk and outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular pathology in patients with periodontal diseases and inflammation of the maxillofacial region.

The aim of the study was to evaluate biomarkers of inflammation and a number of laboratory and instrumental data to objectify cardiovascular risk and prognosis in middle-aged men with inflammatory periodontal diseases and cardiovascular pathology.

Material and methods. The study involved 140 male patients (mean age 51.4±9.5 years) who were treated in the departments of therapeutic profile and maxillofacial surgery of St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "City Hospital No. 15" in 2018–2020. Patients were ranked into 3 groups: patients with cardiovascular pathology and inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region (n=70); patients with periodontitis or other inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region without concomitant cardiovascular pathology (n=35); patients with cardiovascular pathology without inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region (n=35). Statistical processing of the research results was performed by descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel for Windows XP on a personal computer. To assess intergroup differences, the χ²-test and Student's t-test were calculated for unrelated populations.

Conclusion. A correlation was shown between the degree of periodontal inflammation and the presence of polymorbid cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, which was confirmed by the cytokine status of the subjects.

Keywords:comorbid pathology, periodontitis, interleukins, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension

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